Aiming at the possible effect of climate change on agriculture,adaption to mitigate the negative effects needs to be addressed.The climate change and meteorological drought projections under 1.5 and 2.0℃ global warming in Anhui Province are quantified using meteorological drought composite index(MCI)by 5 general circulation models (GCMs)under 3 representative concentration pathways (RCPs)of the fifth coupling model comparison scheme (CMIP5).At the same time,the uncertainties of estimated impacts from GCMs structure and RCPs scenarios are estimated and compared quantitatively further.The results indicate that there is a trend of warm and humid Anhui Province will tend to be in the future.The annual average temperature of Anhui province will increase by 1.8 and 2.3℃ compared to pre-industrial under 1.5 and 2.0℃ global warming respectively.The warming magnitude will be higher than the global average.High temperature events will increase substantially,while the rainstorm events will increase under 1.5 ℃ global warming period and decrease at 2.0 ℃.Analysis on future changes indicates that the meteorological drought will continue and aggravate,and this will be more profound in the dry season compared with the wet season.The drought events will increase dramatically under global warming,especially under 2.0 ℃ global warming.The ensemble mean annual meteorological drought events will increase consistent with the increased precipitation under 1.5 and 2.0℃ global warming.The estimated monthly meteorological drought events distribution could be unchanged with the drought events in autumn ranks the first,in summer the second and in winter and spring the least.There are big uncertainties in estimated precipitation and drought events,especially under 2.0℃global warming period,which constrained mainly by GCMs structure.To adapt or mitigate these negative effects,the ability to combat climate change by adjusting the layout of agriculture,strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure and breeding new varieties.