Objective To explore the relationship between the incidence of aortic dissection and climate change. Methods The characteristics of 345 acute aortic dissection patients came from Beijing in Department of Vascular Surgery, Fu Wai Hospital,National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Peking Union Medical College from January 2005 to December 2015 were analyzed, retrospectively. There were 266 male and 79 female patients with a mean age of (4912) years. There were 209 cases of Stanford type A aortic dissection, and 136 cases of type B. According to Fuwai aortic dissection classification: type A 8 cases, type B 95 cases, type Cp 13 cases,type Ct 187 cases, type Cd 40 cases,type D 2 cases. Meanwhile,monthly maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, average pressure,amount of rainfall, sunshine,relative humidity and other meteorological data were collected. Rank-sum test was used to analyze the difference of onset of aortic dissection in different seasons and months. Generalized additive models were implied to explore climate change and the onset of aortic dissection. Results The onset of aortic dissection was related to season. Winter had higher morbidity compared to summer (M(Q_R): 3(2) vs. 2(2),Z= 1.97,P=0.05). The occurrence of aortic dissection was associated with month. December had the largest quantity, July had the least (2(3) vs. 2(1),Z= 2.42, P = 0.02). The mean temperature was statistically significant for indicating the change of aortic dissection onset. It meaned that onset probability was increased with the decrease of temperature (RR = 1.01,95%CI: 1.00 to 1.02,P = 0.04). Conclusions The onset of aortic dissection had something to do with season and month. The incidence of aortic dissection increases with temperature decreases.