Risks for natural and human systems have been increasing during past decades due to global warming,which is one of the main consequences of the raising anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions.Agriculture is one of the principal contributors to anthropogenic GHGs emissions.And wheat and maize are major cereal crops in China.Thus,assessing the carbon footprint (CF) of wheat and maize,investing the adjustment of agricultural policies and the effects on reduction in GHGs emissions will help to establish a reasonable strategy to mitigate climate change.A systematical analysis of the carbon footprint (CF) of wheat and maize production is critical to develop low carbon agriculture and enhance carbon sequestration in China.CF of wheat and maize production during 2005- 2015 was computed,which was based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).According to the completion of the relevant agricultural policyNational crop adjustment plan (2016- 2020),Fertilizer usage by 2020 zero increase action plan, andPesticides usage by 2020 zero increase action plan,a predicted CF of wheat and maize production in the near future five scenarios was established.The result showed a significant rising trend in CF and total greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions for both wheat and maize production during 2005-2015 (P <0.01).The CF of maize production was lower than wheat production.The growth rate of CF per unit area of wheat production was higher than that of maize,while the total GHGs emissions showed an opposite trend.Simulation on different scenarios indicated that all the projections in 2020 experienced a reduction on carbon emission for about (16.89~56.01) billion kg CO_2- eq.Therefore,strategies to balance crop production and agriculture inputs application are of great importance to achieve China's 2020 GHGs emission targets.