This paper used nationwide standard data of temperature, precipitation at basic stations,NCAR/NCEP soil moisture data and various economic data to analyze the risk factors of drought disaster in Southwest China. It indicated that the risk of drought disaster- inducing factor was higher in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces and the risk increased in the southeastern Sichuan, Yunnan and western Guizhou after the climate warming. The environmental sensibility of disaster was higher in the middle and the southeastern part of Southwest China, and environmental sensibility increased in eastern Sichuan, Guizhou and eastern Yunnan after climate warming. The vulnerability of hazard was higher in the middle and east part of Southwest China where the population density, economy density and proportion of cultivated land area were high. The ability of preventing and reducing disaster was higher in the middle of Sichuan,northeastern Yunnan and northern Guizhou. The area with the highest risk of drought disaster distributed in eastern Yunnan, eastern Sichuan, western Guizhou and Chongqing, and the risk increased in southeastern Sichuan and western Yunnan after climate warming.