Microcystin ( MC),a type of small molecule polypeptide biotoxin produced by algal blooms,is high toxic to humans and animals,and has been classified as a potential human carcinogen( Group 2B). Algal blooms break out more and more frequently and tempestuously due to the large discharge of worldwide industrial and domestic wastewater and the climate warming worldwide, which caused the massive accumulation of MCs in water-bodies and soil,threatening the ecological environment and affecting the quality and safety of agricultural products. The immunoassay based on antibody-antigenrecognition principle is a hot spot research in the rapid determination of biotoxins. The antibody preparation technology is developing in leaps and bounds in the late years,and now has been developed from traditional polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibody to novel genetic engineering artificial antibody. The internal and external factors of microcystin production,and major hazards toward ecosystem,humans and animals are expounded systematically in the present paper, and the latest research progress of novel artificial antibody preparation technologies and their applications in MC-LR determination are combed comprehensively. Finally,combined with our latest research results,the development trend,existing problems and solutions of novel artificial antibodies in MC-LR determination are further discussed.