Despite the small coverage on the earth,lakes play an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle. There are a large number of lakes in Xinjiang,Northwest China,where remarkable climate changes and human activity have been undergone over the past decades. Lake Bosten,the largest fresh water inland lake in Northwest China,was selected as the study site. We designed to investigate the temporal variability of carbon burial over the past 150 years,by examining the chronology and multi-proxies ( i.e. magnetic susceptibility,grain size,organic carbon,inorganic carbon and stable carbon isotopes) of lacustrine sediments in Lake Bosten. The process variations of sedimentary carbon accumulation in Lake Bosten were divided into five stages since 1860. Before 1910s,environmental changes were mainly affected by the natural factors,with relatively lower sediment accumulation rates and total organic carbon ( TOC), and a stable total inorganic carbon ( TIC) in the eastern lake area but a downward trend in the northwest part. During 1910s-1950s,the sediment accumulation rates in the western lake was much higher than that in the eastern deep area,characterized with low lake primary productivity and allochthonous dominated organic carbon ( OC) . During 1950s-1980s,a rapid increase trend was found for both TOC and TIC,especially in the northwest lake section near the Huangshui River,while OC from allochthonous showed a decrease. The sediment accumulation rate increased significantly in all the three cores in the 1980s-2002s,a similar trend shown in TOC under a warm climate. After 2002s,the sediment accumulation rate was relatively high,but the contribution from allochthonous sources was small. During the last 150 years,the carbon accumulation rates presented an increasing trend,especially since 1960,with higher values in the eastern lake area than in the western section.