As one of the fastest growing plants in the world,bamboos can provide environmental,social,and economic benefits. Bamboo is a multi-purpose plant,which can substitute for timber in many respects owing to its lignified culms. Because of its fast growth,intricate rhizome system,and sustainability,bamboo has become a plant with environmental conservation value,being able to mitigate phenomena that resulted from global climate change. Bamboo consists of vertical cells in internodes,while the pit acts as the crucial channel through cell walls. The pit structure is not only responsible for the material transportation path during the growth and development of bamboo,but also a key factor influencing the processing and utilization of bamboo. Thus,it is of great importance to perform thorough and profound studies to clarify its structure and function relationship. Despite the significant role of the bamboo pit in influencing the mechanical properties of bamboo,there are limited studies regarding to pit hitherto. Thus,it still needs a extensive investigation to compare with the wood pit that has much more comprehensive research status quo. In this study,we reviewed major structure characteristics of the bamboo pit,such as,the types and formats of pits, the basic structures,chemical composition,etc. Then,we summarized the factors influencing bamboo pit including both bamboo inherent feature that different from that of wood,and processing technology in ways of physical,chemical and biological treatments. The results would probably provide a new and great view from microstructure perspective for improving bamboo seasoning and modification. Furthermore,the bamboo pit research methods and innovation direction were carried on the induction,and the relative problems and the development prospect of the future were discussed as well. It is hoped that this paper would serve as an incentive to others to analyze the physiological and ecological functions of bamboo and realize efficient utilization of bamboo resources.