The environmental impacts caused by nitrogen and phosphorus flows of the residents' agri-products consumption system has become serious. Based on life cycle assessment ( LCA) ,a model of the environmental impacts derived by nitrogen and phosphorus flows of the residents' agri-products consumption system was conducted,which includes crop primary processing,livestock slaughtering,rural agri-products consumption,and urban agri-products consumption. With the model,four environmental impacts including phosphorus depletion,climate change,acidification and eutrophication caused by the nutrient flows of residents' agri-products consumption system in Anhui Province in 2015 were characterized. The environmental impacts contributed by different subsystems were also compared by using the model. The results show in agri-products processing,wheat and pig contributed the most phosphorus depletion and eutrophication,which were 43. 05% and 41. 48%,respectively. Meanwhile,grains consumed by both urban consumption and rural consumption had the largest phosphorus depletion,which were 51. 09% and 65. 22%,respectively. Moreover,rural residents' manure resulted in the most eutrophication and acidification,which were 91. 05% and 99. 49%,respectively. While the rural solid waste generated the greatest portion for global warming ( 77. 76%) . Thus,improving processing technology,changing diet structure,and strengthening the disposing of rural wastes ( including manure,domestic sewage,and solid waste) are the efficient measures of mitigating the environmental impacts caused by the nutrient flows of residents' agri-products consumption.