Taking Jialing River Basin as the research area,we got a suitable model by calibrating distributed hydrological model SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool),constructed scenarios based on comprehensive consideration of variation characteristics of Land use and climate changes,and simulated the hydrological factors and discussed the hydrological response in different scenarios at basin scale.The results showed that: (1)between 1985 and 2005,the forestland area decreased,urban and rural residential land area increased; grassland and industrial land area decreased in the upper reaches and increased in the middle and lower reaches; cultivated land area increased in the upper reaches and decreased in the middle and lower reaches;The whole basin was warm and dry,and the change of water and heat conditions in the upper reaches was larger than that in the middle and lower reaches;(2)compared with the data in the period from 1976 to 1995,the joint action of land use and climate change increased surface runoff,and decreased groundwater runoff,soil water content,interflow,actual evapotranspiration and water yield;the impact of climate change on hydrological process was greater than that of land use change;forestland and grassland had obvious function of soil and water conservation,and farmland had negative contribution to soil and water conservation;the water yield under the RCP 8.5 scenario was higher than RCP 4.5 scenario;but in the long term,the climatic conditions of RCP 4.5 is superior to RCP 8.5 in reducing surface runoff and actual evapotranspiration,and increasing groundwater runoff,interflow and water yield;(3)land use and climate change had the greater impact on the surface runoff,which was more significant in the middle and lower reaches than that in the upper reaches in this basin.