In order to solve the problems that a carbon emission evaluation system for hot mix asphalt mixture was not yet to be established, the carbon emission level of an asphalt mixture could not be correctly identified, and reduction of carbon emission in asphalt pavement needs further studied, the carbon emission sources for 21 high-grade asphalt pavements in China was adopted. The emission source survey, combined with the calculation parameters provided by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the National Bureau of Statistics of China, a quantitative model for energy consumption carbon emissions of a hot mix asphalt mixture and a quantitative model for high temperature volatile carbon emissions were established. The weight of the carbon emissions for different asphalt mixture types was obtained by using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). According to the weight coefficients and carbon emission of the same kind of asphalt mixture in each carbon emission link, the same kind of asphalt mixtures were identified using Hamming closeness theory. In the weighted average of the total carbon emissions in each construction link, combined with the emission reduction requirements proposed in the China "13th Five-Year Plan", the evaluation standard for the total carbon emission for different asphalt mixture types and the carbon emissions of various construction links were proposed. The results show that the energy consumption carbon emissions for aggregate heating, asphalt heating, and mixture mixing account for 65.62%, 15.30%, and 12.22% of the total carbon emissions of the asphalt mixture, respectively. The high temperature of rolling and paving the volatile carbon emissions accounted for 91.56% and 7.02% of the high-temperature volatile carbon emissions of the asphalt mixture, respectively, and the China emission reduction target values and the measured carbon emission mean values are used as the carbon emission classification evaluation limits. The hot mixed asphalt mixture carbon emission level are divided into three types: A (mild emissions), B (medium emissions), and C (severe emissions). The research results provide evaluation indexes for carbon emissions of different types of asphalt mixtures, and these indexes are significant for ensuring low carbon concentrations in asphalt pavements.