In order to understand the spreading dynamics of Stellera chamaejasme in the past (from 1970 to 2000) and future climate scenarios, the occurrence records and environment variables were respectively selected with the nearest neighbor distance method, correlation analysis and principal component analysis, and the ecological niche model was established by using the maximum entropy method, and then the potential distribution area of S. chamaejasme in the past and future (2050 and 2070) was predicted. The changes of the geographical distribution centroid, the average elevation and the range of hierarchical distribution areas under climate change were calculated with Matlab. The results showed that the potential areas of S. chamaejasme were spread from southwestern to northeastern China, and the level of potential distribution areas decreased gradually with increasing latitude. The potential geographical distribution of S. chamaejasme would spread to the southwestern and high altitude areas with the future climate change, and the average elevation increased by about 638 m. Especially, the areas of high adaption would grow rapidly, and the relative growing rate would be about 51% in 2050. In the future, the alpine grasslands would become the main area for the spreading of S. chamaejasme, and the prevention and control measures should be further strengthened in this area.