On the basis of analyzing big data at home and abroad, combining with frontier literatures and research achievements of big data applications in ecology research in recent years, the opportunities and challenges that the big data was applied to rodents ecology in the grassland rodents individual and behavior ecology, population ecology, community ecology and global change and the grassland rodents ecosystem were analyze. Finally, in view of grassland rodent ecology, the viewpoint of "ecological neck point" was presented for research of rodent ecology in grassland. And how to grasp the "ecological neck point" to innovative research was discussed.