The Qilian Mountain permafrost is one of the key areas for the investigation and study of gas hydrates in China, and is also the only area where gas hydrate has been discovered in Chinas permafrost. Since gas hydrate sample was firstly recovered in 2008, the investigation and research work is gradually progressing toward breadth and depth. It has achieved series of achievements such as the breakthrough in point-to-face prospecting, the discovery of various energy sources such as oil and gas, and the success of trial production tests. Moreover, the basic theoretical understanding has been significantly improved. The various elements of gas hydrate system are described more comprehensively and deeply, especially the in-depth analysis of gas sources and structural conditions further enriches the connotation of gas hydrate petroleum system. The effective survey technology system including geological, geophysical, geochemical, and drilling was summarized. In the aspect of gas hydrate production test, the feasibility of the use of key technologies such as depressurization technology and control monitoring in diagenetic reservoirs was confirmed. It is proposed that horizontal well production technology will be one of the key scientific and technological research directions for increasing gas production in the future. For the environmental effects, mineralogical evidence that hydrates have changed or are changing in their steady state has been discovered, and the evolutionary pattern of the gas hydrate system caused by climate warming has been proposed, and the environmental impact has gradually emerged. Thus, gas hydrate not only has potential resource value as a new type of energy, but also is an unstable factor that can cause environmental effects. It is not difficult to predict that with the continuous warming of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the study on the stability evaluation of gas hydrate reservoirs in permafrost will become an important aspect for environmental effects.