Contribution from urbanization and economic development to climate warming cannot be ignored.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)proposed the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs),describing the relationship between climate change and socio-economic elements,and the adaptation and mitigation challenges of climate change in different socioeconomic development.In this paper,urbanization and economic scenarios under five shared socioeconomic pathways were designed,including Sustainability(SSP1),Middle of the Road(SSP2),Regional Rivalry(SSP3),Inequality(SSP4)and Fossil-fueled Development(SSP5).Then,urbanization and economy in theBelt and Roadcountries between 2020 and 2100 were projected.Our findings show that:① Urbanization and economy in theBelt and Roadcountries will increase.The proportion of urban population will increase from 48% in 2016 to 77.9%(55% ~ 92%)in 2100 and GDP will increase from 57 trillion to 371 trillion(210 trillion ~ 611 trillion)US dollars.②The future urbanization and economic level will show different trends under the five development pathways.Urbanization in theBelt and Roadcountries will develop rapidly under SSP1,SSP4 and SSP5,and almost all countries will reach a very high level of urbanization.Under SSP2 and SSP3,The development of urbanization will relatively slow,and most of the countries can reach the medium level.Meanwhile,economy will grow more than five folds under SSP5 for most countries,but growth of GDP under SSP3 and SSP4 will be 2 ~ 5 times.③ For countries currently at the low and medium level of urbanization,gap of urbanization level and GDP will grow to more than 40% and 3 folds in the end 21st century,respectively,between different SSPs.On the contrary,future urbanization process and economic development will be quite steady for countries already in comparative high levels of urbanization.In the end 21st century,gap of urbanization level and GDP can be less than 20% and 1.5 times,respectively,between different SSPs.