The characteristics of drought evolution between 1982 and 2013 in Inner Mongolia were studied using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index ( SPEI) calculated based on daily meteorological data from 41 meteorological stations. What's more,a time series data set ( 19822013) of normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI) was used to assess the spatial-temporal dynamics of vegetation. We also explored the relationship between drought and vegetation condition. The resultsof this study are: ( 1) During the period of 1982 and 2013,the entire Inner Mongolia had a slight drought trend,while the three sub-regions of Inner Mongolia showed different responses to climate change. The drought trend was relatively significant in the east of Inner Mongolia,and not obvious in the middle of Inner Mongolia,while drought condition in the west of Inner Mongolia was relieved. The SPEI value in forest and grassland had a decreasing trend,and the SPEI in farm land remained stable. ( 2) The distribution pattern of NDVI was high in the east and low in the west. The NDVI of three sub-regions in Inner Mongolia all had an increasing trend,while that in the west part increased the fastest. The area with increasing NDVI in the middle and west of Inner Mongolia exceeded 50%. The area with increasing NDVI of crop land made up 77.77%, and the grassland was 56.74%,while the forest showed a decreasing trend. ( 3) The relationship between vegetation and drought in different regions of Inner Mongolia was different. Correlation coefficient in the middle part was the highest,followed by that in the east part,while that in the west part was the lowest. The response of vegetation to drought in different periods was different,which was weak from April to May,and strong from June to September.