Based on the climate data of annual average temperature and precipitation during 1961 to 2011 in the middle arid region of Ningxia such as Yanchi,Tongxin and Haiyuan county,characteristics and rules of climate changes were analysed in the research area. And the spring maize's potential productivity and its changes were calculated with Miami and Thornthwaite Memorial Model. The influence of climate change on climate potential productivity was evaluated in this paper. The results indicated that research area was of warm-dry weather, and with increase in average temperature,but low fluctuation in precipitation decreased. The temperature potential productivity of spring maize annually increased while precipitation and climate potential productivity decreased with fluctuation. The average climate potential productivity value was 5 037 kg/(hm~2 ? a) in the research area,and significantly and linearly related to annual average precipitation,but not to annual average temperature. The precipitation might be therefore the key factor which restrict the spring maize's climate potential productivity in this region. Our results may imply that climatic change would play a remarkable role in spring maize climatic potential productivity. The precipitation change may have stronger impact on spring maize climate potential productivity than temperature. Precipitation and its change will become more and more influence in spring maize's climate potential productivity. Therefore,it is essential to develop new agricultural technology and suitable arrangement of crops for adapting climate change,so as to guarantee yield and quality of spring maize.