The characters of climatic factors variation and the interaction between climatic factors variation and vegetation cover are important in geosciences and has become a research focus in the global and regional scales in recent years. Constituting eighty five percent of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, Chongqing is in an important ecological, hydrological and wildlife conservation area in Southwestern China. Examining the vegetation dynamics and environmental changes over this region plays a critical role in studying the environment and ecosystems in China. On the basis of previous researches,Based on SPOT - 4 VEGETATION NDVI datasets at 1 km spatial resolution and temperature and precipitation datasets of meteorological stations from Chongqing and its neighboring city during the period 1961-2010, the spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature & precipitation variation in Chongqing were statistically analyzed. The response of vegetation Coverage Change to major climate factors and its relationship with temperature and precipitation in Chongqing is explored by extracting each pixel s information between 1999 and 2010. The results show that: 1) From 1961 to 2010, the annual mean precipitation and temperature in Chongqing was highly fluctuant. The annual mean precipitation exhibited a small decreasing trend; and the increasing trend of annual mean temperature was highly significant. 2) From the time point of view,the annual and monthly variability of the vegetation dynamics have the increasing trend in Chongqing. It has obvious seasonal difference, from the spatial perspective, the averaged annual NDVI in Chongqing showed a steady upward trend during the last decade. Especially, vegetation increased significantly on both sides of the Yangtze River and the southeastern part area of Chongqing. And vegetation degraded areas are mainly concentrated water-fluctuating zones of Three Gorges Reservoir and around urban of Chongqing city as well as the periphery of the Three Gorge Reservoir Region in Chongqing. So obviously,the reason is enlargement of city and fluctuating of water area. 3) The monthly variability of vegetation index and temperature, precipitation exist significant correlation. Both air temperature and precipitation have an influence on NDVI,but air temperature plays a more prominent role. The correlation coefficient of the annual year or month vegetation index and climatic factors is not significant in the entire region. That is to say the human factors, such like agricultural production, farmland protection and the implementation of largescale vegetation construction,have resulted in the increase of NDVI and have led to some beneficial effect in ecology.