Using data of monthly temperature, precipitation of Ebinur Lake Basin, and combining its overland runoff and lake area, we analyzed the variation trend and mutation characteristics of climate elements in Ebinur Lake basin from 1961 to 2010 and discussed the impact of the climate change on surface water resources. The results indicated that: (1) the temperature and precipitation in Ebinur Lake Basin both reflected a fluctuating upward trend in recent 50 years, with the climate changing from a warm-dry to warm-wet type, temperature rise in winter contributed to the temperature rise of Ebinur Lake Basin, the temperature mutated in 1995, precipitation showed remarkable increase in winter, this increase is only notable in hotspring in summer, precipitation mutated in 1984; (2) annual mean temperature was positively correlated with runoff volume in Ebinur Lake Basin, variation of annual mean precipitation was remarkably synchronized with that of runoff volume; (3) it was complex between the higher annual mean temperature and area of Ebinur Lake Basin. The trends of the precipitation show good agreement with the lake area, especially the 19961999; (4) climate change directly impacted the glacier scale and snow line height. The gradual decline of glacier scale and deficiency of water resources will affect the development of oasis social economy.