Based on daily surface meteorological observation data from 133 national basic meteorological stations located in 6 provinces in southwest and south China during 1961 and 2012, the temporal and spatial variation characteristic of drought hazard in south China was studied, evaluation indicators were established for the risks of drought hazard, fragility of drought environment and the exposure degree of hazard-bearing body. Distribution characteristic of drought risks in south China is analyzed and strategies were carried out for the drought risk controlling and defense. Results shows: annual precipitation in the researched region show a fluctuate decrease, precipitation decreased obviously after entering the 21 century with the annual oscillation of precipitation increased. Temperature in the researched region start to increase continuously since 1971 in southwest and south China, and the abrupt junction of climate warming appeared around year 1997. The regions with higher risks of drought hazard include most regions in Yunnan province, west Sichuan plateau, southwest Sichuan mountainous regions, east Sichuan basin and coastal regions in east Guangdong province. Regions with higher fragility of drought environment include most regions of Yunnan province, west Sichua plateau, southwest Sichuan mountainous regions, east Sichuan basin and northwest Guizhou province. Regions with higher exposure degree of hazard-bearing body include coastal regions in east Guangdong, Leizhou peninsula, south Guangxi and middle Sichuan basin. Thus, it is necessary to establish and improve the planning of drought risk controlling and management which should also be prospective and scientific, as well as building a drought risk evaluation system. Starting to enhance the drought relief ability from engineering and non-engineering perspectives such as manual intervene drought risk hazard, decrease fragility of drought environment, reduce exposure degree of hazard bearing body.