The observation and investigation on the morphological characters of nine Palaeocarya samaras from Bangmai Basin,Lincang, Yunnan Province allow us assign them into three species, which include one new species-Palaeocarya lincangensis Shao and Xie sp. nov. and two known species-Palaeocarya yunnanensis and Palaeocarya longialata. Palaeocarya lincangensis are characterized by the penninerved venation of lobes, approximately equal length of the middle and lateral lobes, the close width in the top and the bottom of lobes,the shallow lobulation of lobes, absence of the prophyllum and the nutlet,and the relative longer pedicel. The global fossil record of Palaeocarya from Eocene to Pliocene indicates that the Eocene and Oligocene was the prosperous era of Palaeocarya plants and after that they gradually declined. The extant genera of the tribe Engelhardieae further withdraw to the low latitudes. This reducing of distribution range of the tribe Engelhardieae is consistent to the global cooling trend after the Oligocene during the Cenozoic. Studies on the venation of Palaeocarya and Engelhardieae show that the majority of Palaeocarya in Asia was characterized by penninerved venation, similar to that of extant Engelhardia and Al faropsis distributed in East Asia and Southeast Asia; otherwise, Palaeocarya found in North America and Europe was unique by trinervous venation, corresponding to the extant Oreomunnea and Alfaroa living in the Middle America.