Ice cores drilled from the Tibetan Plateau revealed continuous and high-resolution records of the past climatic and environmental change. By analyzing various proxies in these ice cores, past information could be rebuilt. Our previous study on present precipitation stable isotopes, paved the way for the paleoclimatic study based on ice cores from the Tibetan Plateau. Earlier studies showed that there is a consistent relation between air temperature and precipitation delta ~(18)O in the northern Tibetan Plateau, with a slope of 0.64-6.67/°C, which can be used to estimate the air temperature change from ice core isotope record. Earlier precipitation isotope work also revealed how the Indian monsoon influences the precipitation isotopes on the plateau, and the spatial and seasonal changes of precipitation isotopes bear the strong imprint of Indian monsoon and westerly atmosphere circulation. A long-term climate history and records of climate fluctuations since the Last Interglacial Stage were recovered from Guliya ice core, featured with precession frequency, rather than the eccentricity frequency. The isotope record also revealed the instability of paleoclimate change, with larger fluctuations than in the polar ice cores. Several deep ice cores revealed the past climate fluctuations of the past 2000 years, and found the clear climate cooling in the Little Ice Age. The last century is the warmest period in the past 2000 years, which is confirmed by isotope record of all the ice cores on the plateau. Precipitation trends were also rebuilt from the estimated glacier accumulation rate. The 400 years of precipitation record from Dasuopu ice core, showed the century scale abrupt change, consistent with the air temperature change in the northern hemisphere. There are a few proxies in ice cores preserved the anthropogenic activities. SO_4~(2-) in ice core records reflect the human emission from south Asia. Trance metal record reflected the industry history. Black carbon in ice cores recorded the emission since the industry revolution, and the spatial change reflected different sources. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in southern ice core recorded the POPs emission and pesticide usage in south Asia. Nuclear test and leakage left clear radioactive layer inside glacier, e.g. thermonuclear test before 1963, 1986 Chernobyl accident and 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. The microbial populations from these ice cores revealed the relationships between these microorganisms and the climate and environment, thereby providing a new ice-core based index for the studies on paleoclimatic changes. Microorganism in ice cores are found to be closely related to temperature variation and atmospheric dust transportation, therefore is introduced as a biomarker in latest ice core research. Bacterial abundance in the Malan ice core, Geladandong ice core and Muztagata ice core show positive correlation with dust concentrations. As the input of dust (especial dust events) causes the bacterial abundance changes, higher abundances usually occur in years with higher dust concentrations. The result suggests that the bacterial abundance can indicate the atmospheric cycle. In the expectation, new absolute ice core dating methods will constrain the uncertainty of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment record, new proxies found in ice core record will expand the understanding of the environmental change.