Outdoor vertical temperature gradient of four different kinds of underlying surfaces including shade of trees、pond、Ceramic tile floor and brick floor located in a residence,NanShe village,DongGuan city is collected continuously in this paper,and the variation and differences of vertical temperature distribution of the four different kinds of underlying surfaces is analyzed. The result shows that: Solar-radiation is an important factor affecting air temperature; The air temperature above the four different kinds of underlying surfaces fluctuates significantly under the elevation height of 0.5 m and reaches the maximum value approximately at the elevation height of 0.5 m; Cold lane can effectively reduce the surface temperature of the underlying surface,the surface temperature is 5.3 ℃ lower than the air temperature. This can provide experimental basis for further micro-climate research of south China residence and new socialist countryside construction.