Suborbital-scale monsoon variations,revealed by multiple proxies of high-resolution loess sequences,are dynamically linked with changes in high-latitude climate and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.In this paper,we synthesized previous invesitgation on representative loess profiles (i.e.,Luochuan,Weinan,Xifeng,Lingtai,Jiyuan,Mangshan,Jingyuan,Linxia and Gulang profiles) from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) to elaborate the characteristics of rapid monsoon changes over three time intervals:the Last Glacial stage,the last two glacial-interglacial cycles and the two extreme glacial intervals (corresponding to loess units L_9 and L_(15)).Rapid variations of winter and summer monsoons are assessed using mean grain size,elemental ratios and chemical weathering index.By comparing loess proxies with indicators from ice core,marine sediments,and speleothem,we addressed the temporal-spatial characteristics of suborbital monsoon variability and their dynamic links to global climate change.It is suggested that abrupt monsoon events are well recorded by proxy indicators of several representative high-resolution loess profiles,matching well with the Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles revealed by speleothem and ice-core records for the Last Glaciation.Spatially,loess proxies from high-resolution loess profiles in the northwest Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) are sensitive to rapid monsoon changes,whereas the loess profiles in the southeast CLP are less sensitive to abrupt monsoon oscillations.Such a spatial difference is likely due to two main reasons:varying sedimentation rates and chemical weathering intensities across the CLP.During the last two climatic cycles,the amplitude and periodicities of loess proxies varied at glacial-interglacial timescales,characterized by large-amplitude and high-frequency fluctuations during the glacial stages.During the interglacials,however,relatively small-amplitude and low-frequency oscillations imply an interglacial modulation on the sub-orbital monsoon variability.Moreover,the winter monsoon also fluctuated on suborbital timescales during two cold climatic extremes (corresponding to marine isotope stages 22 ~24 and 38).However,it is difficult to match sub-orbital winter monsoon variations with the ice rafting events (IRD) in the North Atlantic during these two glaciations,probably due to the resolution discrepancy and chronological uncertainties between terrestrial and marine records.In summary,previous loess studies reveal that high-resolution and weakly weathered loess sequences can well documented rapid monsoon changes.The features and mechanisms of rapid monsoon changes seem dissimilar under different glacial-interglacial boundary conditions and their amplitude and frequencies are likely modulated by varying glacial-interglacial conditions.So far,the characteristics and dynamics of abrupt monsoon changes during the early to Middle Pleistocene remains poorly constrained.In the future,more high-resolution and sensitive loess proxies should be investigated to better understand the onset and evolution of suborbital-scale monsoon variability during the Quaternary or Neogene.Furthermore,data-model integration should be strengthened to provide a thorough assessment of the origin and dynamics of abrupt monsoon changes.