Climate environment is one of the most volatile factors in ecological health and sustainable social development. Temperature is important for maintaining the stability of climate system and providing a livable environment for human beings. In this study, the linear temperature trend,wavelet analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyze the change of average temperature and extreme temperature events in Ningxia during the period from 1962 to 2015. The results showed that the values of average temperature in whole Ningxia, the northern and central arid zones and the southern mountainous regions since 1962 were 0. 38 ℃·(10a)~(-1),0. 42 ℃·(10a)~(-1),0. 36 ℃· (10a)~(-1) and 0. 38 ℃·(10a)~(-1) respectively. There were the 20-32 a,8-19 a and 2-7 a periods of temperature fluctuation,and also the 8 a and 20 a sub-periods in the 13 a and 32 a main periods, respectively. The occurring frequency of extremely low temperature was lower than that of extremely high temperature, the duration of the former was shorter than that of the latter, the seasonal increase of low temperature was higher than that of high temperature, and the temperature fluctuation was the most significant in winter. The drought degree in Ningxia became more serious due to the increase of both average temperature and extremely high temperature,and the plant diseases and insect pests were increased because of the unbalanced climate change and the reduction of extremely low temperature, thus the ecosystems were further degenerated, so it is necessary to take some improvement measures.