根据19852013年日本秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)生产数据,结合海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)、海表温度距平值(sea surface temperature anomaly, SSTA)及亲潮、黑潮环境数据,探究太平洋年代际振荡(Pacific decadal oscillation, PDO)冷、暖2种气候模态下秋刀鱼产卵场、索饵场海况特征及资源丰度差异。结果表明,PDO暖期内单位捕捞量努力量(catch per unit effect, CPUE)略高于冷期,另CPUE与PDO指数存在滞后关系,且前者滞后于后者3年时相关系数最大(-0.318); PDO冷、暖模态转换对索饵场SST影响较产卵场大(P<0.05),产卵场及索饵场SSTA与PDO指数间均呈负相关性,滞后时间分别为-1和0年时相关系数最大;PDO暖期内黑潮经向流量年间变化率低于冷期,冷、暖2种模态下亲潮春季占有面积存在显著差异(P<0.01),且冷、暖模态转换对亲潮影响程度大于黑潮。研究表明,2种气候模态通过影响秋刀鱼产卵场及索饵场的海表温、海况环境,进而对西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源量产生年间波动影响。
英文摘要:
We studied the sea current characteristics and the difference of resource abundance in spawning and feeding ground under the effects of two climate regimes of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) based on the catch data of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in Japan from 1985 to 2013,and the environmental data including sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA), Oyashio and Kuroshio data. The results show that the catch per unit effect (CPUE) in warm period was slightly higher than that in cold period, and the maximum correlation coefficient was - 0.318 between CPUE and PDO index when the former lagged the latter three years. The effect of change of PDO index on SST in feeding ground was higher than that in spawning ground (P<0.05) and SSTA was negatively correlated with PDO index in spawning and feeding grounds, and the maximum correlation coefficient was obtained when the lag time was -1 and 0 year. The interannual variability of longitude flow of Kuroshio was lower in warm regime of PDO,while the average occupied area in spring of Oyashio had significant difference under two climate regimes (P<0.01), and the impact degree caused by the change of cold and warm regimes on Oyashio was greater than that on Kuroshio. The results show that two different climate regimes have annual fluctuation influence on saury resource in the Northwest Pacific by affecting SST and sea state condition of spawning and feeding grounds.