Rainfall is one of the main driving factors of soil erosion,and also one of the main driving forces of aeolian desertification in the wind-water compound erosion area. The study of temporal and spatial variation of rainfall erosivity is of great significance for monitoring,assessment,prediction and control of soil erosion in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. Based meteorological data of 8 weather stations from 1961-2015 in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin,using the method of trend coefficient,climate tendency rate and Mann-Kendall test,the variations of the temporal and spatial in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin were discussed.The results show that average annual rainfall erosion force was 758.1 MJ·mm·hm~(-2)·h~(-1),with the coefficient of variation Cv of 0.29 and the coefficient of changed trend r of 0.3140.The rainfall erosivity decreases gradually from east to west in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. It can reach more than 2000 MJ·mm·hm~(-2)·h~(-1) in the east,and only about 200 MJ·mm·hm~(-2)·h~(-1) in the far west.The annual rainfall erosivity generally showed a fluctuating increase trend. Lhari and Bomi showed obviously increasing trend,while Shigatse and Zetang showed declining trend. Analysis using Mann-Kendall test method and sliding T test showed that the annual rainfall erosivity has abrupt change in 1982,but the erosive rainfall abrupt changewas not significant. The annual rainfall erosivity is significantly correlated with erosive rainfall,and also greatly affected by the distribution of erosive rainfall.