The Loess Plateau is one of the most serious areas of soil erosion in China.In order to study the dynamic changes of vegetation coverage in the Loess Plateau since the implementation of the project of "returning farmland to forest and grass",data of the MODIS(moderate resolution imaging spectrotadiometer)NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index)in 2001-2015 released by NASA,and local meteorological data were used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of NDVI,air temperature,and precipitation in the Loess Plateau,and to examine the response of vegetation NDVI to temperature and precipitation.The results showed that the vegetation NDVI in the Loess Plateau in recent 15 years showed an overall increasing trend.The spatial distribution of vegetation NDVI in the Loess Plateau was significantly different.The general trend was that the vegetation coverage gradually increased from northwest to southeast.The spatial variation of vegetation in the study area also had obviously different characteristics.The vegetation in Xi'an,Weinan and Luoyang in the west of Henan Province degenerated seriously.However,with the implementation of the "returning farmland to forest and grassland" program,the vegetation coverage in the central part of the Loess Plateau had been significantly improved.The temperature in the Loess Plateau had little change over the years,but the fluctuation of precipitation changed a lot.The influence of precipitation on vegetation NDVI was greater than that of temperature on vegetation NDVI.