Ensemble empirical mode decomposition was applied to analyze the climate time series in this paper. Based on standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index of 266 grids from 1901 to 2015,then the drought and flood disasters rating sequence were identified,the periodicity of drought and flood disasters and the spatial distribution of frequency of them were analyzed. The following results were reached: (1) The mutation year of the series of drought and flood disasters characterized by SPEI - 12 was 1940,the drought disasters mainly occurred before 1940,and the flood disasters concentrated after 1940,the fluctuation cycles were 4 years and 8 year on inter - annual scale,there were 13 years,29 years and 46 years on the decadal scale. (2) Extreme droughts and extreme floods occurred 556 times and 655 times,accounting for 1.76% and 2.08% of the total number,respectively,which indicating that extreme floods occurred more frequently than extreme drought disasters. However,the frequency of droughts(19.46%)was higher than that of floods(16.43%),the weather was partial drought. (3) The sequence of drought and flood disasters characterized by SPEI - 3 has been decomposed by EEMD method,the res curve of spring showed that the level of floods had been gradually increasing since 1994. The level of summer droughts and floods was below 4 and the summer droughts began to worsen after 1982. In the autumn,the drought disasters turned into a flood disaster after 1993. Winter drought disaster had been strengthened year by year. (4) The frequencies of different levels of drought and flood showed significant differences in four seasons. The drought and flood disasters were mainly concentrated in the summer. Droughts disasters were mainly distributed in the western and northern parts of Henan Province,western and southern parts of Shandong Province,the northern part of Hebei province. Flood disasters were mainly concentrated in the northern and central parts of Henan Province,the west and south of Shandong Province,the northwest of Hebei Province,and Beijing and Tianjin city.