The loess plateau in Northern Shaanxi has complex topography and the soil erosion is serious.Thus,the rapid and accurate monitor of the spatial and temporal changes of vegetation can provide scientific reference for the study of soil and water conservation and analyzing regional ecological environment.Based on MODIS and Landsat data,this study used ESTARFM to simulate Landsat NDVI data that from Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province from june to august between of 2008 and 2016,then to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover of Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province from 2008 to 2016 and its response to climatic factors.Conclusions:①The Landsat-NDVI data acquired by ESTARFM was consistent to the real Landsat data in terms of the expression of vegetation information,the fusion results can be applied to the estimation of subsequent vegetation coverage.②The vegetation coverage in the whole region showed an increasing trend from 2008 to 2016.The spatial distribution shows a gradual decline from southeast to northwest and the vegetation coverage structure is improved.The proportion of the area with an increasing trend was 78% and the vegetation coverage of all land use types showed a trend of fluctuation and increase.③On the whole,the correlation between vegetation coverage and temperature and precipitation were obviously different in different regions.The vegetation growth is sensitive to precipitation.By spatial and temporal data fusion to combine the spatial detail expression of high spatial resolution data and the ability of rapid time series change of high temporal resolution data,it can provide an effective basis for high-precision vegetation dynamic monitoring and research in the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province.