The Pacific saury Cololabis saira is an important pelagic fish species in China and is one of the priority species managed by the North Pacific Fisheries Commission. The Pacific saury has a short lifespan and is widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. The Pacific saury has a long migration route that passes through the Kuroshio- Oyashio transition zone from subtropical to the north, and returns southward to the coastal waters of Japan and Russia. The fishing grounds of the Pacific saury are mainly distributed in the Sea of Japan, the Pacific Ocean, and the Sea of Okhotsk. This study reviewed and summarized the research progress of the Pacific saury including its life history, population dynamics, fishing grounds, and habitat suitability. This was followed by analyses and prospects of the present research status and the developmental trends of growth biology, reproductive biology, migration, resource fluctuation, and habitat suitability. The main findings are as follows: the life cycle and effects of environmental variables on the growth, sexual maturity, and spawning of the Pacific saury during each life stage were revealed based on the study of day-age of the microstructure of otoliths; the relationship between resource abundance and influencing factors revealed that the ocean-climate change was the main reason for the long-term fluctuation of Pacific saury resources; the main mechanism of the formation of the fishing ground was revealed from research of the habitat adaptation; and a relevant fishery forecasting model was established. The main suggestions include exploring the potential migratory paths and patterns of the Pacific saury based on the otolith microchemical information and the spatiotemporal variations of optimum environmental factors; establishing a reproductive habitat suitability index model to analyze the influence of ocean-climate change on potential habitats of recruitment populations of the Pacific saury; and establishing a schooling habitat suitability index model to develop a rapid forecast reporting system of the fishing grounds for the Pacific saury. This study provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of the progress and achievements of research on the life history, population dynamics, and fishing grounds of Pacific saury, which can provide references for more rational and effective research on stock assessment, formulation of management measures, and development of fishery forecasting of Pacific saury in China.