globalchange  > 气候变化与战略
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106222
论文题名:
Tipping elements and amplified polar warming during the Last Interglacial
作者: Thomas Z.A.; Jones R.T.; Turney C.S.M.; Golledge N.; Fogwill C.; Bradshaw C.J.A.; Menviel L.; McKay N.P.; Bird M.; Palmer J.; Kershaw P.; Wilmshurst J.; Muscheler R.
刊名: Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN: 2773791
出版年: 2020
卷: 233
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Earth (planet) ; Forestry ; Permafrost ; Sea ice ; Sea level ; Climate scenarios ; Environmental change ; Global sea levels ; Global temperatures ; Ice interactions ; Last interglacial ; Ocean circulation ; Temperature increase ; Climate change ; chronology ; global change ; Last Interglacial ; sea level change ; summer ; uncertainty analysis ; vulnerability ; Arctic ; Greenland
英文摘要: Irreversible shifts of large-scale components of the Earth system (so-called ‘tipping elements’) on policy-relevant timescales are a major source of uncertainty for projecting the impacts of future climate change. The high latitudes are particularly vulnerable to positive feedbacks that amplify change through atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions. Unfortunately, the short instrumental record does not capture the full range of past or projected climate scenarios (a situation particularly acute in the high latitudes). Natural archives from past periods warmer than present day, however, can be used to explore drivers and responses to forcing, and provide data against which to test models, thereby offering insights into the future. The Last Interglacial (129–116,000 years before present) — the warmest interglacial of the last 800,000 years — was the most recent period during which global temperatures were comparable with low-end 21st Century projections (up to 2 °C warmer, with temperature increase amplified over polar latitudes), providing a potentially useful analogue for future change. Substantial environmental changes happened during this time. Here we synthesise the nature and timing of potential high-latitude tipping elements during the Last Interglacial, including sea ice, extent of the boreal forest, permafrost, ocean circulation, and ice sheets/sea level. We also review the thresholds and feedbacks that likely operated through this period. Notably, substantial ice mass loss from Greenland, the West Antarctic, and possibly sectors of the East Antarctic drove a 6–9 m rise in global sea level. This was accompanied by reduced summer sea-ice extent, poleward-extended boreal forest, and reduced areas of permafrost. Despite current chronological uncertainties, we find that tipping elements in the high latitudes all experienced rapid and abrupt change (within 1–2 millennia of each other) across both hemispheres, while recovery to prior conditions took place over multi-millennia. Our synthesis demonstrates important feedback loops between tipping elements, amplifying polar and global change during the Last Interglacial. The high sensitivity and tight interconnections between polar tipping elements suggests that they could exhibit similar thresholds of vulnerability in the future, particularly if the aspirations of the Paris Agreement are not met. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/158441
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作者单位: Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives (PANGEA) Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), Australia; Chronos 14 Carbon-Cycle Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand; GNS Science, Avalon, Lower Hutt, 5011, New Zealand; School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom; Global Ecology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100South Australia 5001, Australia; Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona UniversityAZ, United States; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Center for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia; School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; Long Term Ecology Laboratory, Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; School of Environment, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; Quaternary Sciences, Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, Lund, 22362, Sweden

Recommended Citation:
Thomas Z.A.,Jones R.T.,Turney C.S.M.,et al. Tipping elements and amplified polar warming during the Last Interglacial[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews,2020-01-01,233
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