DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101578
论文题名: Insights into the global flow pattern of manganese
作者: Sun X. ; Hao H. ; Liu Z. ; Zhao F.
刊名: Resources Policy
ISSN: 3014207
出版年: 2020
卷: 65 语种: 英语
英文关键词: International trade
; Manganese
; Material flow analysis
; Resource management
Scopus关键词: International trade
; Lithium-ion batteries
; Manganese
; Slags
; Consumption structure
; End-of-life products
; Geographic concentrations
; Manufacturing stages
; Material flow analysis
; Policy recommendations
; Resource management
; Steel-making industries
; Flow patterns
; consumption behavior
; international trade
; manganese
; material flow analysis
; natural resource
; resource management
; trade flow
; Australia
; Brazil
; China
; Gabon
; Germany
; India
; Japan
; South Africa
; United States
英文摘要: Manganese is a necessary and irreplaceable metal resource for the steelmaking industry. The essentiality and non-substitutability make the vulnerability to supply restriction of manganese nonnegligible. With this concern, this study was conducted to present a global trade-linked material flow analysis (MFA) model of manganese for the year of 2017 to provide deep insight into its flow pattern. Using the MFA model, the global manganese flow in 305 categories of commodities within 249 countries was mapped. The results showed that 23.9 million tons (Mt) of manganese were supplied and used in 2017. An estimated 27.9 Mt of manganese contained in various commodities was traded between countries, 38% of which was contributed by the top ten trade flows. China, South Africa, Australia, Brazil, Gabon, the USA, India, Japan and Germany were the nine most important members of the global manganese trade flow community. The lack of a system for the complete recovery of Mn from end-of-life products and slag, and a trend towards increasing geographic concentration of Mn ore supplies, were identified as two areas of potential risk and concern. Corresponding policy recommendations are proposed to resolve these concerns. A more integrated recovery system of manganese needs to be considered, particularly for the developing lithium-ion battery applications. Establishment of national reserve needs to be put on the agenda for the large manganese consumers. High supply concentration of manganese refining and manufacturing stage, which is dominated by China, may need to be changed when prospective global manganese consumption structure changes. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/158880
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; China Automotive Energy Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tsinghua Automotive Strategy Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
Recommended Citation:
Sun X.,Hao H.,Liu Z.,et al. Insights into the global flow pattern of manganese[J]. Resources Policy,2020-01-01,65