DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104942
论文题名: Greenhouse gas emissions from offshore oil and gas activities — Relevance of the Paris Agreement, Law of the Sea, and Regional Seas Programmes
作者: Watson S.M.
刊名: Ocean and Coastal Management
ISSN: 9645691
出版年: 2020
卷: 185 语种: 英语
英文关键词: Climate change law
; Greenhouse gas emissions
; Law of the sea
; Offshore energy sector
; Regional seas
Scopus关键词: Environmental regulations
; Gas emissions
; Global warming
; International law
; Marine pollution
; Offshore oil well production
; Offshore oil wells
; Pollution control
; International maritime organizations
; Law of the seas
; National inventory report
; Offshore energy
; Pollution prevention
; Regional seas
; United Nations Environment Programme
; United nations framework convention on climate changes
; Greenhouse gases
; emission inventory
; greenhouse gas
; Law of the Sea
; marine pollution
; offshore structure
; pollution control
; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
英文摘要: Parties to the Paris Agreement have a binding obligation to collectively limit global temperature rises to an agreed upon target. Commitments include providing national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory reports to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (‘UNFCCC’) secretariat, reporting their contributions towards the collective target. GHG emissions from upstream oil and gas (O&G) facilities, including those in offshore areas under coastal State jurisdiction (where current activity is occurring in over 50 countries), are to be included within the scope of these reports. Parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (‘UNCLOS’) are obligated to adopt and enforce laws and regulations to prevent, reduce, and control pollution arising from seabed exploration and exploitation activities under their jurisdiction. These are to be no less effective than international rules and standards as established through competent international organisations. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), via the Regional Seas Programmes (RSP), are two such organisations that develop international rules and standards covering certain aspects of offshore O&G activities. IMO treaties, rules, and standards cover GHG emissions arising from vessel-related offshore O&G activities, but emissions from O&G industry-specific activities, such as the venting and flaring of reservoir hydrocarbons, are excluded. The only other source of international law, implementing UNCLOS′ requirement, providing international rules and standards for coastal States to benchmark their laws against for the prevention of marine pollution in the form of GHG emissions from offshore O&G activities are the regional instruments of the RSP. However, as this article will show, current RSP coverage is minimal and insufficient, particularly in light of Parties' Paris Agreement and UNCLOS obligations. Examples are provided showing inconsistencies in the reporting of offshore O&G GHG emissions across national inventory reports, as well as examples of applicable requirements prescribed under various RSP instruments, or lack thereof, highlighting the deficiency of a relevant international pollution prevention rule and/or standard across all marine regions. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/158901
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: University of Melbourne, Australia
Recommended Citation:
Watson S.M.. Greenhouse gas emissions from offshore oil and gas activities — Relevance of the Paris Agreement, Law of the Sea, and Regional Seas Programmes[J]. Ocean and Coastal Management,2020-01-01,185