Cluster analysis
; Oceanography
; Soil moisture
; Surface waters
; Tropics
; Climate anomalies
; Clustered datum
; Hydrologic changes
; Land data assimilation systems
; Sea surface temperature anomalies
; Situ soil moistures
; Tropical hydrologies
; Tropical Pacific ocean
; Soil surveys
; El Nino
; hydrological change
; precipitation (climatology)
; sea surface temperature
; soil moisture
; temperature anomaly
; Africa
; Amazon Basin
; Pacific Ocean
; Pacific Ocean (Tropical)
; Southeast Asia
英文摘要:
The 2015-2016 El Niño event ranks as one of the most severe on record in terms of the magnitude and extent of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies generated in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Corresponding global impacts on the climate were expected to rival, or even surpass, those of the 1997-1998 severe El Niño event, which had SST anomalies that were similar in size. However, the 2015-2016 event failed to meet expectations for hydrologic change in many areas, including those expected to receive well above normal precipitation. To better understand how climate anomalies during an El Niño event impact soil moisture, we investigate changes in soil moisture in the humid tropics (between ±25ĝˆ ) during the three most recent super El Niño events of 1982-1983, 1997-1998 and 2015-2016, using data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). First, we use in situ soil moisture observations obtained from 16 sites across five continents to validate and bias-correct estimates from GLDAS (r2Combining double low line0.54). Next, we apply a k-means cluster analysis to the soil moisture estimates during the El Niño mature phase, resulting in four groups of clustered data. The strongest and most consistent decreases in soil moisture occur in the Amazon basin and maritime southeastern Asia, while the most consistent increases occur over eastern Africa. In addition, we compare changes in soil moisture to both precipitation and evapotranspiration, which showed a lack of agreement in the direction of change between these variables and soil moisture most prominently in the southern Amazon basin, the Sahel and mainland southeastern Asia. Our results can be used to improve estimates of spatiotemporal differences in El Niño impacts on soil moisture in tropical hydrology and ecosystem models at multiple scales.
Solander, K.C., Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States; Newman, B.D., Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States; Carioca De Araujo, A., Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Manaus, Brazil; Barnard, H.R., Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; Berry, Z.C., Department of Biology, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States; Bonal, D., Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR Silva, Nancy, 54000, France; Bretfeld, M., Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama; Burban, B., Institut National de Recherche en Agriculture (INRA), Alimentation et Environnement, UMR 0745 EcoFoG, Campus Agronomique Kourou97379, France; Candido, L.A., Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonia Research, Manuas, Brazil; Célleri, R., Department of Water Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador; Chambers, J.Q., Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Christoffersen, B.O., Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States; Detto, M., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama; Dorigo, W.A., Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria; Ewers, B.E., Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States; Ferreira, S.J.F., Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonia Research, Manuas, Brazil; Knohl, A., Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Leung, L.R., Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States; McDowell, N.G., Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States; Miller, G.R., Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas AandM University, College Station, TX, United States; Monteiro, M.T.F., Climate and Environment, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil; Moore, G.W., Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas AandM University, College Station, TX, United States; Negron-Juarez, R., Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Saleska, S.R., Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Stiegler, C., Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Tomasella, J., Coordination of Research and Development, National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil; Xu, C., Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
Recommended Citation:
Solander K.C.,Newman B.D.,Carioca De Araujo A.,et al. The pantropical response of soil moisture to El Niño[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2020-01-01,24(5)