DOI: 10.5194/hess-23-1375-2019
论文题名: Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements
作者: Mallast U. ; Siebert C.
刊名: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
ISSN: 1027-5606
出版年: 2019
卷: 23, 期: 3 起始页码: 1375
结束页码: 1392
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Antennas
; Discharge (fluid mechanics)
; Dynamics
; Groundwater
; Heat radiation
; Infrared devices
; Radiation
; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
; In-situ measurement
; Long wave infrared
; Spatial and temporal scale
; Spatial heterogeneity
; Spatial resolution
; Submarine groundwater discharge
; Temporal heterogeneities
; Thermal infrared radiations
; Infrared radiation
; groundwater
; in situ measurement
; infrared radiation
; longwave radiation
; marine environment
; spatial resolution
; spatiotemporal analysis
; terrestrial environment
; unmanned vehicle
; Dead Sea
; Israel
英文摘要: Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is highly variable in spatial and temporal terms due to the interplay of several terrestrial and marine processes. While discrete in situ measurements may provide a continuous temporal scale to investigate underlying processes and thus account for temporal heterogeneity, remotely sensed thermal infrared radiation sheds light on the spatial heterogeneity as it provides a continuous spatial scale. Here we report results of the combination of both the continuous spatial and temporal scales, using the ability of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to hover above a predefined location, and the continuous recording of thermal radiation of a coastal area at the Dead Sea (Israel). With a flight altitude of 65 m above the water surface resulting in a spatial resolution of 13 cm and a thermal camera (FLIR Tau2) that measures the upwelling long-wave infrared radiation at 4 Hz resolution, we are able to generate a time series of thermal radiation images that allows us to analyse spatio-temporal SGD dynamics. In turn, focused SGD spots, otherwise camouflaged by strong lateral flow dynamics, are revealed that may not be observed on single thermal radiation images. The spatio-temporal behaviour of an SGD-induced thermal radiation pattern varies in size and over time by up to 155 % for focused SGDs and by up to 600 % for diffuse SGDs due to different underlying flow dynamics. These flow dynamics even display a short-term periodicity of the order of 20 to 78 s for diffuse SGD, which we attribute to an interplay between conduit maturity-geometry and wave set-up. © 2019 The Author(s). Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/163022
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Mallast, U., Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, T. Lieser Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany; Siebert, C., Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, T. Lieser Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
Recommended Citation:
Mallast U.,Siebert C.. Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2019-01-01,23(3)