DOI: 10.5194/hess-22-5143-2018
论文题名: Why has catchment evaporation increased in the past 40 years? A data-based study in Austria
作者: Duethmann D. ; Blöschl G.
刊名: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
ISSN: 1027-5606
出版年: 2018
卷: 22, 期: 10 起始页码: 5143
结束页码: 5158
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric radiation
; Evaporation
; Runoff
; Vegetation
; Available energy
; Climate parameters
; Global radiation
; Pan evaporation
; Penman-Monteith equations
; Standard deviation
; Vegetation activity
; Vegetation index
; Catchments
英文摘要: Regional evaporation has increased in many parts of the world in the last decades, but the drivers of these increases are widely debated. Part of the difficulty lies in the scarcity of high-quality long-term data on evaporation. In this paper, we analyze changes in catchment evaporation estimated from the water balances of 156 catchments in Austria over the period 1977-2014 and attribute them to changes in atmospheric demand and available energy, vegetation, and precipitation as possible drivers. Trend analyses suggest that evaporation has significantly increased in 60 % of the catchments (p ≤ 0.05) with an average increase of 29±14 mm yr-1 decade-1 (± standard deviation) or 4.9±2.3 % decade-1. Pan evaporation based on 24 stations has, on average, increased by 29±5 mm yr-1 decade-1 or 6.0±1.0 % decade-1. Reference evaporation over the 156 catchments estimated by the Penman-Monteith equation has increased by 18±5 mm yr-1 decade-1 or 2.8±0.7 % decade-1. Of these, 2.1 % are due to increased global radiation and 0.5 % due to increased air temperature according to the Penman-Monteith equation. A satellite-based vegetation index (NDVI) has increased by 0.02±0.01 decade-1 or 3.1±1.1 % decade-1. Estimates of reference evaporation accounting for changes in stomata resistance due to changes in the NDVI indicate that the increase in vegetation activity has led to a similar increase in reference evaporation as changes in the climate parameters. A regression between trends in evaporation and precipitation yields a sensitivity of a 0.22±0.05 mm yr-2 increase in evaporation to a 1 mm yr-2 increase in precipitation. A synthesis of the data analyses suggests that 43±15 % of the observed increase in catchment evaporation may be directly attributed to increased atmospheric demand and available energy, 34±14 % to increased vegetation activity, and 24±5 % to increases in precipitation. © 2018 Author(s). Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/163180
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Duethmann, D., Institute for Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/223, Vienna, 1040, Austria; Blöschl, G., Institute for Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/223, Vienna, 1040, Austria
Recommended Citation:
Duethmann D.,Blöschl G.. Why has catchment evaporation increased in the past 40 years? A data-based study in Austria[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2018-01-01,22(10)