DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803543115
论文题名: Vulnerability of arctic marine mammals to vessel traffic in the increasingly ice-free northwest passage and Northern Sea Route
作者: Hauser D.D.W. ; Laidre K.L. ; Stern H.L.
刊名: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 0027-8424
出版年: 2018
卷: 115, 期: 29 起始页码: 7617
结束页码: 7622
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Arctic marine mammal
; Climate impacts
; Resilience
; Risk analysis
; Vessel impacts
Scopus关键词: Arctic
; Article
; beluga whale
; bowhead whale
; climate change
; endemic species
; environmental exposure
; environmental impact
; environmental monitoring
; environmental planning
; environmental protection
; geographic distribution
; marine environment
; marine mammal
; migratory species
; narwhal
; nonhuman
; Northwest Territories
; Pinnipedia
; polar bear
; population risk
; priority journal
; quantitative analysis
; risk assessment
; scoring system
; sea ice
; seasonal variation
; species identification
; traffic
; vessel traffic
; vulnerability assessment
; vulnerable population
; walrus
; animal
; Arctic
; bear
; Cetacea
; climate change
; physiology
; population migration
; ship
; Animal Migration
; Animals
; Arctic Regions
; Climate Change
; Ships
; Ursidae
; Whales
英文摘要: The fabled Northwest Passage and Northern Sea Route that were once the quests of early Western explorers are now increasingly sea ice-free, with routine vessel transits expected by midcentury. The potential impacts of this novel vessel traffic on endemic Arctic marine mammal (AMM) species are unknown despite their critical social and ecological roles in the ecosystem and widely recognized susceptibility to ice loss. We developed a vulnerability assessment of 80 subpopulations of seven AMM species to vessel traffic during the ice-free season. Vulnerability scores were based on the combined influence of spatially explicit exposure to the sea routes and a suite of sensitivity variables. More than half of AMM subpopulations (42/80) are exposed to open-water vessel transits in the Arctic sea routes. Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) were estimated to be most vulnerable to vessel impacts, given their high exposure and sensitivity, and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were estimated to be the least vulnerable because of their low exposure and sensitivity. Regions with geographic bottlenecks, such as the Bering Strait and eastern Canadian Arctic, were characterized by two to three times higher vulnerability than more remote regions. These pinch points are obligatory pathways for both vessels and migratory AMMs, and so represent potentially high conflict areas but also opportunities for conservation-informed planning. Some of the species and regions identified as least vulnerable were also characterized by high uncertainty, highlighting additional data and monitoring needs. Our quantification of the heterogeneity of risk across AMM species provides a necessary first step toward developing best practices for maritime industries poised to advance into this rapidly changing seascape. © 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/163686
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Hauser, D.D.W., Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States, International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States; Laidre, K.L., Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States; Stern, H.L., Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
Recommended Citation:
Hauser D.D.W.,Laidre K.L.,Stern H.L.. Vulnerability of arctic marine mammals to vessel traffic in the increasingly ice-free northwest passage and Northern Sea Route[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2018-01-01,115(29)