albatross
; Article
; climate
; demography
; nonhuman
; population abundance
; population decline
; population density
; population dynamics
; prey
; priority journal
; seabird
; species conservation
; animal
; biological model
; bird
; climate change
; endangered species
; female
; fishery
; male
; population dynamics
; reproduction
; Animals
; Birds
; Climate Change
; Endangered Species
; Female
; Fisheries
; Male
; Models, Biological
; Population Dynamics
; Reproduction
英文摘要:
Environmental and anthropogenic factors often drive population declines in top predators, but how their influences may combine remains unclear. Albatrosses are particularly threatened. They breed in fast-changing environments, and their extensive foraging ranges expose them to incidental mortality (bycatch) in multiple fisheries. The albatross community at South Georgia includes globally important populations of three species that have declined by 40–60% over the last 35 years. We used three steps to deeply understand the drivers of such dramatic changes: (i) describe fundamental demographic rates using multievent models, (ii) determine demographic drivers of population growth using matrix models, and (iii) identify environmental and anthropogenic drivers using ANOVAs. Each species was affected by different processes and threats in their foraging areas during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. There was evidence for two kinds of combined environmental and anthropogenic effects. The first was sequential; in wandering and black-browed albatrosses, high levels of bycatch have reduced juvenile and adult survival, then increased temperature, reduced sea-ice cover, and stronger winds are affecting the population recovery potential. The second was additive; in gray-headed albatrosses, not only did bycatch impact adult survival but also this impact was exacerbated by lower food availability in years following El Niño events. This emphasizes the need for much improved implementation of mitigation measures in fisheries and better enforcement of compliance. We hope our results not only help focus future management actions for these populations but also demonstrate the power of the modelling approach for assessing impacts of environmental and anthropogenic drivers in wild animal populations.
Pardo, D., British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Forcada, J., British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Wood, A.G., British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Tuck, G.N., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia; Ireland, L., British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Pradel, R., Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, Montpellier, 34293, France; Croxall, J.P., Birdlife International, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom; Phillips, R.A., British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
Recommended Citation:
Pardo D.,Forcada J.,Wood A.G.,et al. Additive effects of climate and fisheries drive ongoing declines in multiple albatross species[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017-01-01,114(50)