DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013744117
论文题名: Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality
作者: Gross J. ; Böhm R.
刊名: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 0027-8424
出版年: 2020
卷: 117, 期: 46 起始页码: 29202
结束页码: 29211
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Cooperation | social dilemma | interdependence | endogenous choice | individualism
Scopus关键词: adult
; article
; female
; human
; human experiment
; individuality
; male
; organization
; retirement
英文摘要: Humans are considered a highly cooperative species. Through cooperation, we can tackle shared problems like climate change or pandemics and cater for shared needs like shelter, mobility, or healthcare. However, cooperation invites free-riding and can easily break down. Maybe because of this reason, societies also enable individuals to solve shared problems individually, like in the case of private healthcare plans or private retirement planning. Such “self-reliance” allows individuals to avoid problems related to public goods provision, like free-riding or underprovision, and decreases social interdependence. However, not everyone can equally afford to be self-reliant, and amid shared problems, self-reliance may lead to conflicts within groups on how to solve shared problems. In two preregistered studies, we investigate how the ability of self-reliance influences collective action and cooperation. We show that self-reliance crowds out cooperation and exacerbates inequality, especially when some heavily depend on collective action while others do not. However, we also show that groups are willing to curtail their ability of self-reliance. When given the opportunity, groups overwhelmingly vote in favor of abolishing individual solutions to shared problems, which, in turn, increases cooperation and decreases inequality, particularly between group members that differ in their ability to be self-reliant. The support for such endogenously imposed interdependence, however, reduces when individual solutions become more affordable, resonating with findings of increased individualism in wealthier societies and suggesting a link between wealth inequality and favoring individual independence and freedom over communalism and interdependence. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/163942
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Gross, J., Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RB, Netherlands; Böhm, R., Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, 1353, Denmark, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, 1353, Denmark, Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, 1353, Denmark
Recommended Citation:
Gross J.,Böhm R.. Voluntary restrictions on self-reliance increase cooperation and mitigate wealth inequality[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2020-01-01,117(46)