globalchange  > 气候变化与战略
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907360117
论文题名:
Physical limits of flight performance in the heaviest soaring bird
作者: Williams H.J.; Shepard E.L.C.; Holton M.D.; Alarcón P.A.E.; Wilson R.P.; Lambertucci S.A.
刊名: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 0027-8424
出版年: 2020
卷: 117, 期:30
起始页码: 17884
结束页码: 17890
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Aeroecology ; Biologging ; Energy landscape ; Flight constraints ; Movement ecology
Scopus关键词: article ; bird ; ecology ; environmental parameters ; investment ; landscape ; nonhuman ; winter ; animal ; biomechanics ; ecology ; flying ; theoretical model ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Birds ; Ecology ; Flight, Animal ; Models, Theoretical
英文摘要: Flight costs are predicted to vary with environmental conditions, and this should ultimately determine the movement capacity and distributions of large soaring birds. Despite this, little is known about how flight effort varies with environmental parameters. We deployed bio-logging devices on the world’s heaviest soaring bird, the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus), to assess the extent to which these birds can operate without resorting to powered flight. Our records of individual wingbeats in >216 h of flight show that condors can sustain soaring across a wide range of wind and thermal conditions, flapping for only 1% of their flight time. This is among the very lowest estimated movement costs in vertebrates. One bird even flew for >5 h without flapping, covering ∼172 km. Overall, > 75% of flapping flight was associated with takeoffs. Movement between weak thermal updrafts at the start of the day also imposed a metabolic cost, with birds flapping toward the end of glides to reach ephemeral thermal updrafts. Nonetheless, the investment required was still remarkably low, and even in winter conditions with weak thermals, condors are only predicted to flap for ∼2 s per kilometer. Therefore, the overall flight effort in the largest soaring birds appears to be constrained by the requirements for takeoff. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/164120
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作者单位: Williams, H.J., Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom, Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany; Shepard, E.L.C., Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; Holton, M.D., Department of Computing Science, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, United Kingdom; Alarcón, P.A.E., Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, R8400FRF, Argentina; Wilson, R.P., Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; Lambertucci, S.A., Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, R8400FRF, Argentina

Recommended Citation:
Williams H.J.,Shepard E.L.C.,Holton M.D.,et al. Physical limits of flight performance in the heaviest soaring bird[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2020-01-01,117(30)
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