globalchange  > 气候变化与战略
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906720117
论文题名:
Adversarial alignment enables competing models to engage in cooperative theory building toward cumulative science
作者: Ellemers N.; Fiske S.T.; Abele A.E.; Koch A.; Yzerbyt V.
刊名: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
ISSN: 0027-8424
出版年: 2020
卷: 117, 期:14
起始页码: 7561
结束页码: 7567
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Behavioral science ; Cooperation ; Negotiation ; Scientific competition ; Theory building
Scopus关键词: behavioral science ; cognition ; competition ; conceptual framework ; empirical research ; group dynamics ; human ; human experiment ; interpersonal communication ; practice guideline ; review ; theoretical study ; article
英文摘要: Crises in science concern not only methods, statistics, and results but also, theory development. Beyond the indispensable refinement of tools and procedures, resolving crises would also benefit from a deeper understanding of the concepts and processes guiding research. Usually, theories compete, and some lose, incentivizing destruction of seemingly opposing views. This does not necessarily contribute to accumulating insights, and it may incur collateral damage (e.g., impairing cognitive processes and collegial relations). To develop a more constructive model, we built on adversarial collaboration, which integrates incompatible results into agreed-on new empirical research to test competing hypotheses [D. Kahneman, Am. Psychol. 58, 723-730 (2003)]. Applying theory and evidence from the behavioral sciences, we address the group dynamic complexities of adversarial interactions between scientists. We illustrate the added value of considering these in an “adversarial alignment” that addressed competing conceptual frameworks from five different theories of social evaluation. Negotiating a joint framework required two preconditions and several guidelines. First, we reframed our interactions from competitive rivalry to cooperative pursuit of a joint goal, and second, we assumed scientific competence and good intentions, enabling cooperation toward that goal. Then, we applied five rules for successful multiparty negotiations: 1) leveling the playing field, 2) capitalizing on curiosity, 3) producing measurable progress, 4) working toward mutual gain, and 5) being aware of the downside alternative. Together, these guidelines can encourage others to create conditions that allow for theoretical alignments and develop cumulative science. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/164254
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作者单位: Ellemers, N., Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TC, Netherlands; Fiske, S.T., Psychology and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Abele, A.E., Social Psychology, University of Erlangen-Nümberg, Bayreuth, D91054, Germany; Koch, A., Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Yzerbyt, V., Institute for Psychological Sciences, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium

Recommended Citation:
Ellemers N.,Fiske S.T.,Abele A.E.,et al. Adversarial alignment enables competing models to engage in cooperative theory building toward cumulative science[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2020-01-01,117(14)
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