DOI: 10.5194/tc-14-51-2020
论文题名: Modeling the evolution of the structural anisotropy of snow
作者: Leinss S. ; Löwe H. ; Proksch M. ; Kontu A.
刊名: Cryosphere
ISSN: 19940416
出版年: 2020
卷: 14, 期: 1 起始页码: 51
结束页码: 75
语种: 英语
英文关键词: calibration
; metamorphism
; modeling
; snow cover
; snowpack
; temperature gradient
; Finland
英文摘要: The structural anisotropy of snow characterizes the spatially anisotropic distribution of the ice and air microstructure and is a key parameter for improving parameterizations of physical properties. To enable the use of the anisotropy in snowpack models as an internal variable, we propose a simple model based on a rate equation for the temporal evolution. The model is validated with a comprehensive set of anisotropy profiles and time series from X-ray microtomography (CT) and radar measurements. The model includes two effects, namely temperature gradient metamorphism and settling, and can be forced by any snowpack model that predicts temperature and density. First, we use CT time series from lab experiments to validate the proposed effect of temperature gradient metamorphism. Next, we use SNOWPACK simulations to calibrate the model with radar time series from the NoSREx campaigns in Sodankylä, Finland. Finally we compare the simulated anisotropy profiles against field-measured full-depth CT profiles. Our results confirm that the creation of vertical structures is mainly controlled by the vertical water vapor flux through the snow volume. Our results further indicate a yet undocumented effect of snow settling on the creation of horizontal structures. Overall the model is able to reproduce the characteristic anisotropy variations in radar time series of four different winter seasons with a very limited set of calibration parameters. © Author(s) 2020. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/164515
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland; Finnish Meteorological Institute FMI, Arctic Research, Sodankylä, Finland
Recommended Citation:
Leinss S.,Löwe H.,Proksch M.,et al. Modeling the evolution of the structural anisotropy of snow[J]. Cryosphere,2020-01-01,14(1)