| DOI: | 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112113
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| 论文题名: | Should North Carolina require more efficient water heaters in homes? A cost-benefit analysis |
| 作者: | Carroll Z.; Couzo E.
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| 刊名: | Energy Policy
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| ISSN: | 03014215
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| 出版年: | 2021
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| 卷: | 150 | | 语种: | 英语
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| 中文关键词: | Carbon dioxide emissions
; Cost-benefit analysis
; Energy efficiency
; Heat pump water heater
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| 英文关键词: | Building codes
; Carbon dioxide
; Electric resistance
; Electric utilities
; Global warming
; Heat resistance
; Housing
; Laws and legislation
; Water heaters
; Water tanks
; Carbon dioxide emissions
; Economic and environmental benefits
; Efficiency requirements
; Electric water heaters
; Energy Information Administration
; Legislative action
; Residential construction
; Residential energy
; Cost benefit analysis
; building code
; carbon dioxide
; cost-benefit analysis
; electronic equipment
; emission
; energy efficiency
; heating
; residential location
; North Carolina
; United States
; Rosa carolina carolina
|
| 英文摘要: | In 2015, water heaters were the second largest end-user of residential energy. Heat pump (HP) water heaters are several times more efficient than the electric resistance (ER) water heaters common in homes. Currently, North Carolina only requires electric water heaters with tanks larger than 55 gallons to be HP water heaters in new homes, thus allowing inefficient ER water heaters in smaller residences. We considered a hypothetical change to North Carolina's building code requiring HP water heaters in all new residential units constructed in 2018. Using housing data from the US Census Bureau, along with electricity rates and emissions factors from the US Energy Information Administration, we quantified changes in costs expected from tightened efficiency requirements. We estimate that requiring HP water heaters in all new residential construction incurs a one-time statewide cost of $29.5 million, but leads to a total 10-year savings of $108.7 million for residents, as well as 10-year reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of 441,000 metric tons. When rebates from electric utilities are included, total 10-year statewide savings increase to $125.3 million. Our results show that economic and environmental benefits can be realized through changes to state building codes, thus obviating the need for legislative action. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd |
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| 资源类型: | 期刊论文
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/167713
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| Appears in Collections: | 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: | UNC Asheville, CPO 1950, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Carroll Z.,Couzo E.. Should North Carolina require more efficient water heaters in homes? A cost-benefit analysis[J]. Energy Policy,2021-01-01,150
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