DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102104
论文题名: Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview
作者: Scheidel A. ; Del Bene D. ; Liu J. ; Navas G. ; Mingorría S. ; Demaria F. ; Avila S. ; Roy B. ; Ertör I. ; Temper L. ; Martínez-Alier J.
刊名: Global Environmental Change
ISSN: 9593780
出版年: 2020
卷: 63 语种: 英语
中文关键词: EJAtlas
; Environmental conflicts
; Environmental justice
; Environmentalism of the poor
; Statistical political ecology
; Sustainability
英文关键词: bottom-up approach
; environmental justice
; environmentalism
; grassroots level
; knowledge
; literature review
; livelihood
; mobilization
; research work
; strategic approach
; sustainability
英文摘要: Recent research and policies recognize the importance of environmental defenders for global sustainability and emphasize their need for protection against violence and repression. However, effective support may benefit from a more systematic understanding of the underlying environmental conflicts, as well as from better knowledge on the factors that enable environmental defenders to mobilize successfully. We have created the global Environmental Justice Atlas to address this knowledge gap. Here we present a large-n analysis of 2743 cases that sheds light on the characteristics of environmental conflicts and the environmental defenders involved, as well as on successful mobilization strategies. We find that bottom-up mobilizations for more sustainable and socially just uses of the environment occur worldwide across all income groups, testifying to the global existence of various forms of grassroots environmentalism as a promising force for sustainability. Environmental defenders are frequently members of vulnerable groups who employ largely non-violent protest forms. In 11% of cases globally, they contributed to halt environmentally destructive and socially conflictive projects, defending the environment and livelihoods. Combining strategies of preventive mobilization, protest diversification and litigation can increase this success rate significantly to up to 27%. However, defenders face globally also high rates of criminalization (20% of cases), physical violence (18%), and assassinations (13%), which significantly increase when Indigenous people are involved. Our results call for targeted actions to enhance the conditions enabling successful mobilizations, and for specific support for Indigenous environmental defenders. © 2020 The Authors Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/168226
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; The Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
Recommended Citation:
Scheidel A.,Del Bene D.,Liu J.,et al. Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview[J]. Global Environmental Change,2020-01-01,63