DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04104-7
论文题名: Developing nationwide avalanche terrain maps for Norway
作者: Larsen H.T. ; Hendrikx J. ; Slåtten M.S. ; Engeset R.V.
刊名: Natural Hazards
ISSN: 0921030X
出版年: 2020
卷: 103, 期: 3 起始页码: 2829
结束页码: 2847
语种: 英语
中文关键词: Algorithm
; ATES
; Avalanche
; GIS
; Mapping
; Terrain
英文关键词: algorithm
; geological mapping
; hazard management
; image classification
; image resolution
; raster
; snow avalanche
; terrain
; threshold
; Norway
英文摘要: Snow avalanches are a significant natural hazard in Norway. One method to manage the backcountry avalanche hazard is through detailed mapping of avalanche terrain. Avalanche terrain can be mapped using a variety of methods, including using the Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES); however, manual classification of terrain using ATES is time consuming. This study has developed and compared a fully automated algorithm to provide ATES mapping for all of Norway. Our new algorithm is based on the technical model for ATES mapping. This model has specific terrain-based thresholds that can be applied for automated terrain-based modeling. Our algorithm expands on prior work by including the potential release area (PRA) model to identify and calculate the likelihood of an avalanche releasing from a start zone. We also use the raster-based TauDEM-model to determine the avalanche runout length. The final product is a 10-m resolution ATES map. We compared this nationwide ATES map with areas that have been manually mapped by avalanche experts, and find that the automated approach yields similar and reliable results. In addition to comparing mapped areas, we also examine manually mapped linear routes and compare these with the automated mapped ATES areas. Our results suggest that for open terrain, the vast majority of the manually classified tracks are predominantly in the same ATES class as our algorithm. For forested areas, we get mixed results, which can be attributed to a lack of suitable vegetation data at an appropriate scale. Despite this limitation, the current ATES algorithm and resulting spatial data are already valuable as a large portion (~ 70%) of the Norwegian backcountry terrain is above tree line. The automated algorithm is also useful to ensure consistent manual classification across different regions in Norway, or globally, and will permit greater reproducibility and easier updating of mapping for the future. © 2020, The Author(s). Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/168578
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Oslo, Norway; Snow and Avalanche Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
Recommended Citation:
Larsen H.T.,Hendrikx J.,Slåtten M.S.,et al. Developing nationwide avalanche terrain maps for Norway[J]. Natural Hazards,2020-01-01,103(3)