| DOI: | 10.1007/s11069-021-04740-7
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| 论文题名: | On the swimming strategies to escape a rip current: a mathematical approach |
| 作者: | Withers A.; Maldonado S.
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| 刊名: | Natural Hazards
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| ISSN: | 0921030X
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| 出版年: | 2021
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| 卷: | 108, 期:2 | | 起始页码: | 1449
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| 结束页码: | 1467
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 中文关键词: | Escape
; Power
; Rip current
; Swimming strategy
; Work
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| 英文关键词: | hazard assessment
; numerical model
; rip current
; strategic approach
; swimming behavior
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| 英文摘要: | Rip currents represent significant hazards to swimmers all around the world. The danger arises when a misinformed swimmer uses an inadequate strategy to escape the rip, such as fighting the current directly. This can lead to fatigue, panic, and in some cases drowning. There exists a range of strategies put forward by experts (both lifeguards and scientists) to escape rip currents. However, these recommendations are based on a limited number of scientific studies and there is still much discrepancy surrounding the best strategy to escape a rip. Thus, here we present a simple, physics-based theoretical model aimed at assessing different escape strategies in terms of their associated ‘energetic cost’ (in work and power) for any given rip current and swimmer’s proficiency level. Many combinations of swimmers and rips are considered, including both idealised and a realistic rip current. Our quantitative results back the common knowledge that swimming against the rip (which is strongly discouraged by lifeguards) is almost universally the worst possible strategy, especially when compared against strategies favoured by experts, such as floating with the current before attempting to swim back to the shore. For a realistic rip, our results suggest that swimming directly against the rip can require several times more power from the swimmer than other strategies advised by lifeguards, thus lending further scientific support to experts’ recommendations. This study may help promote education around the dangers posed by rip currents and how best to address them. © 2021, The Author(s). |
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| 资源类型: | 期刊论文
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/169462
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| Appears in Collections: | 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: | School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7QF, United Kingdom
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Withers A.,Maldonado S.. On the swimming strategies to escape a rip current: a mathematical approach[J]. Natural Hazards,2021-01-01,108(2)
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