DOI: 10.1038/s41561-020-0603-4
论文题名: Deep-sea eruptions boosted by induced fuel–coolant explosions
作者: Dürig T. ; White J.D.L. ; Murch A.P. ; Zimanowski B. ; Büttner R. ; Mele D. ; Dellino P. ; Carey R.J. ; Schmidt L.S. ; Spitznagel N.
刊名: Nature Geoscience
ISSN: 17520894
出版年: 2020
卷: 13, 期: 7 起始页码: 498
结束页码: 503
语种: 英语
英文关键词: cool water
; deep sea
; explosion
; explosive
; magma
; submarine
; volcanic eruption
; Kermadec Arc
; New Zealand
; Pacific Ocean
英文摘要: The majority of Earth’s volcanic eruptions occur beneath the sea, but the limited number of direct observations and samples limits our understanding of these unseen events. Subaerial eruptions lend some insight, but direct extrapolation from the subaerial to the deep sea is precluded by the great differences in pressure, thermal conditions, density and rheology, and the interplay among them. Here we present laboratory fragmentation experiments that mimic deep-sea explosive eruptions and compare our laboratory observations with those from the kilometre-deep submarine eruption of Havre Volcano, Kermadec Arc, New Zealand, in 2012. We find that the Havre eruption involved explosive fragmentation of magma by a pressure-insensitive interaction between cool water and hot magma, termed an induced fuel–coolant interaction. The laboratory experiments show that this water–magma interaction is initiated by the formation of cracks in cooling magma into which the water coolant can infiltrate, driving explosive fragmentation. Explosive submarine eruptions have previously been considered unlikely because stabilization of a vapour film at the magma–water contact was thought to be a key requirement but is suppressed at depths exceeding 100 m. However, here we demonstrate that these induced fuel–coolant interactions between magma and water can occur in a range of wet environments regardless of pressure, from the subaerial to the deep sea, and may operate on different planets, as well as apply to materials other than magma and water. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/169583
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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作者单位: Geology Department, University of Otago, North Dunedin, New Zealand; Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland; Physikalisch Vulkanologisches Labor, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan
Recommended Citation:
Dürig T.,White J.D.L.,Murch A.P.,et al. Deep-sea eruptions boosted by induced fuel–coolant explosions[J]. Nature Geoscience,2020-01-01,13(7)