Nowhere to Go but Up: Impacts of Climate Change on Demographics of a Short-Range Endemic (Crotalus willardi obscurus) in the Sky-Islands of Southwestern North America
Biodiversity elements with narrow niches and restricted distributions (i.e., ‘short range endemics,’ SREs) are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The New Mexico Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi obscurus, CWO), an SRE listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act within three sky islands of southwestern North America, is constrained at low elevation by drought and at high elevation by wildfire. We combined long-term recapture and molecular data with demographic and niche modeling to gauge its climate-driven status, distribution, and projected longevity. The largest population (Animas) is numerically constricted (N = 151), with few breeding adults (Nb = 24) and an elevated inbreeding coefficient (ΔF = 0.77; 100 years). Mean home range (0.07km2) is significantly smaller compared to other North American rattlesnakes, and movements are within, not among sky islands. Demographic values, when gauged against those displayed by other endangered/Red-Listed reptiles [e.g., Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)], are either comparable or markedly lower. Survival rate differs significantly between genders (female
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America;Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America;Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America;Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America;School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America;New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America;Department of Biology, University of Texas-El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America;Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
Recommended Citation:
Mark A. Davis,Marlis R. Douglas,Colleen T. Webb,et al. Nowhere to Go but Up: Impacts of Climate Change on Demographics of a Short-Range Endemic (Crotalus willardi obscurus) in the Sky-Islands of Southwestern North America[J]. PLOS ONE,2015-01-01,10(6)