To improve understanding of how local experiences of street gangs may have changed recently, and to better understand the national gangs picture and the challenges and emerging threats facing local areas, the UK Home Office commissioned RAND Europe to deliver research in 33 local areas which are part of the Ending Gang and Youth Violence programme. The study drew upon the experiences of practitioners from a range of agencies who are involved in formulating local responses to urban street gangs and pulled together the most recent research and practice literature. The aim was to support strategic decision making around future work to improve outcomes for individuals and communities affected by gangs and gang activity.