This report summarises the key outputs of a three-year research project by IGES Kansai Research Centre on “Market-based Instruments (MBIs) for Improving Company Carbon Performance in Northeast Asia”. By carrying out a comprehensive overview of related policy progress in the region and conducting various questionnaire surveys and empirical analyses at the business level, it shows the challenges faced when pricing carbon emissions and discusses how effective and efficient economic climate policies could be practically developed from the industrial perspective in Japan, China and the Republic of Korea.